Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis and his governing? . In contrast, Davis wanted to direct his energies to the new Confederacy with no interest in returning to the North. In this lesson, we will briefly examine how Jefferson Davis expressed his views on liberty, equality, union, and government in his first inaugural address. I shall need therefore all the indulgence which I have heretofore experienced from my constituents. The blockade, if effectual and permanent, could only serve to divert our industry from the production of articles for export and employ it in supplying the commodities for domestic use. .' they are combated by the habits of their bodies, prejudices of their minds, ignorance, pride, & the influence of interested & crafty individuals among them, who feel themselves something in the present order of things, and fear to become nothing in any other. In matters of Religion, I have considered that its free exercise is placed by the constitution independant of the powers of the general government. The experiment instituted by our revolutionary fathers, of a voluntary Union of sovereign States for purposes specified in a solemn compact, had been perverted by those who, feeling power and forgetting right, were determined to respect no law but their own will. If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. The remaining revenue, on the consumption of foreign articles, is paid chiefly by those who can afford to add foreign luxuries to domestic comforts. In proof of this, it is to be remembered that, at the first moment of asserting their right to secession, these States proposed a settlement on the basis of the common liability for the obligations of the General Government. Some of you may have even recited them in grade school. AMH 1010 review. Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was an American military officer, statesman, and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865. "Second Inaugural Address, 4 March 1805," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-1302. Although perhaps not as famous as Lincoln, Jefferson Davis' words still play an important role in American history. that our wish, as well as theirs, is, that the public efforts may be directed honestly to the public good: that peace be cultivated, civil & religious liberty unassailed, law & order preserved, equality of rights maintained, & that state of property, equal or unequal, which results to every man from his own industry, or that of his fathers. Nor was it uninteresting to the world, that an experiment should be fairly and fully made, Whether freedom of discussion, unaided by power, is not sufficient for the propagation and protection of truth? Leonard Levys 1963 critical interpretation of the president, Seemingly in line with that new ethos of free speech, in. I have no doubt, he wrote, that it was printed long before I left Washington & was brot to Baltimore in the same stage that brought me. The. It is cultivating feelings of patriotism, virtue, and courage. This website helped me pass! It was to be expected when we entered upon this war that it would expose our people to sacrifices and cost them much, both of money and blood. mrw120203. that is due in the first place to the reflecting character of our citizens at large, who, by the weight of public opinion, influence and strengthen the public measures. flashcard sets. The Government had ceased to answer the ends for which it was ordained and established. Instances of self-sacrifice and of generous devotion to the noble cause for which we are contending are rife throughout the land. 90 terms. War Democrats, border states, and Republicans. I feel like its a lifeline. Records Commission. The president, who affects great plainness of dress and manners, was dressed all in black, including silk stockings, and was attended by his secretary and groom. The secretary was Isaac A. Coles, the young Virginian from Albemarle County who, since December, had been filling in for William A. Burwell as Jeffersons private secretary. A month later, the Civil War started in earnest, and on February 22, 1862 (and Washington's birthday), Davis gave a second inaugural address, after winning an election under the permanent Confederate constitution. Archives. in the mean time, let us cherish them with patient affection: let us do them justice and more than justice in all competitions of interest; & we need not doubt that truth, reason, & their own interests will at length prevail, will gather them into the fold of their country, & will compleat that entire union of opinion which gives to a nation the blessing of harmony & the benefit of all its strength. Among the observers in the gallery was the outgoing vice president, Aaron Burr, who had been dropped from the ticket for Jeffersons second term. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? Lincoln agreed that this difference of opinion on slavery was the reason the Civil War was dragging on. . facts are piercing through the veil drawn over them: & our doubting brethren will at length see that the mass of their fellow citizens, with whom they cannot yet resolve to act, as to principles & measures, think as they think, & desire what they desire. with which should we be most likely to live in harmony and friendly intercourse? Personal reactions similarly adhered to party divisions. The world at large is concerned in opening our markets to its commerce. If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. It is a satisfaction that we have maintained the war by our unaided exertions. NHPRC The National Historical Publications and Records Commission(NHPRC) is part of the National Two of those pieces can be identified and are Documents. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) Lincoln still passionately believed that the union was worth fighting for and assured Americans that the soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg 'shall not have died in vain.' Whatever of hope some may have entertained that a returning sense of justice would remove the danger with which our rights were threatened, and render it possible to preserve the Union of the Constitution, must have been dispelled by the malignity and barbarity of the Northern States in the prosecution of the existing war. Jefferson Davis Sets the Tone. True to our traditions of peace and our love of justice, we sent commissioners to the United States to propose a fair and amicable settlement of all questions of public debt or property which might be in dispute. I have therefore undertaken, on no occasion, to prescribe the religious exercises suited to it: but have left them, as the constitution found them, under the direction & discipline of the state or church authorities acknoleged by the several religious societies. War of conquest they cannot wage, because the Constitution of their Confederacy admits of no coerced association. His reelection proved that the majority of American citizens supported the administrations actions and remained immune to licentious printers influence. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862 [1]. [2] The eleven states of the CSA in order of secession were: South Carolina (December 20, 1860), Mississippi; Daviss state (January 9, 1861), Florida (January 10, 1861), Alabama (January 11, 1861), Georgia (January 19, 1861), Louisiana (January 26, 1861), Texas (February 1, 1861), Virginia April 17, 1861), Arkansas (May 6, 1861), North Carolina (May 20, 1861), and Tennessee (June 8, 1861). But in the heart of a people resolved to be free these disasters tend but to stimulate to increased resistance. Davis argued that the North oppressed . but the experiment is noted to prove that, since truth & reason have maintained their ground against false opinions, in league with false facts, the Press, confined to truth, needs no other legal restraint. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network server. Before noon on Monday, the 4th of March, Jefferson mounted his horseprobably Wildair, his prized bay saddle horseand rode the mile and a half up Pennsylvania Avenue from the President's House to the Capitol. Through this instrumentality, under the favor of Divine Providence, we hope to perpetuate the principles of our revolutionary fathers. His purpose in writing the Notes on a Draught was to explain his handling of this topic. . Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. 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Records Commission (NHPRC) is part of the National Nor have the material sacrifices of the past year been made without some corresponding benefits. The Government had ceased to answer the ends for which it was ordained and established. Second Inaugural Address. We too have had our trials and difficulties. Remember how Davis argued that it was a necessity for the South to leave the union? But the picture has its lights as well as its shadows. we have done them justice on all occasions; favor, where favor was lawful, & cherished mutual interests & intercourse on fair & equal terms. James Buchanan Democratic Party Abraham Lincoln Republican Party Jefferson Davis*** Democratic Party Andrew Johnson Republican Party Ulysses S. Grant Republican Party. See this thread for more information. but public duties more urgent press on the time of public servants and the offenders have therefore been left to find their punishment in the public indignation. It is not an authoritative final version. the public judgment will correct false reasonings & opinions, on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable liberty of the press, and its demoralising licentiousness. In February of 1861, just two months before the official start of the Civil War, Jefferson Davis delivered his inaugural address to the Confederacy as its new leader. But how many of you can quote an excerpt from a speech given by Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy? Second Inaugural Address. Nor would the constancy of these supplies be likely to be disturbed by war. That we are to escape them in future is not to be hoped. According to this view, he believed the Southern states could not legally leave the union. Handy vocabulary definitions are included. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 He described how it is 'the right of the people to alter or abolish' (get rid of) the government at will 'whenever they become destructive of the ends for which they were established.' and it is due to the able and faithful auxiliaries, whose patriotism has associated them with me in the executive functions. To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. being collected on our sea-board and frontiers only, & incorporated with the transactions of our mercantile citizens, it may be the pleasure and the pride of an American to ask What farmer, what mechanic, what labourer ever sees a tax-gatherer of the US.? By the character of their productions they are too deeply interested in foreign commerce wantonly to disturb it. Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the GoodReads database with this name. Julian Boyd linked the markings on that early version of the Declaration to the marks present in this reading script. the United States, and research and development projects to bring historical records to the 1805], Reading Copy of Second Inaugural Address, [before 4 Mch. Through its grants program, the NHPRC supports a wide range of activities to George Washington had chosen to speak only briefly, and John Adams had not had the opportunity to give one. At the capitol in Richmond, Virginia, Davis gave his second inaugural speech. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Whatever of hope some may have entertained that a returning sense of justice would remove the danger with which our rights were threatened, and render it possible to preserve the Union of the Constitution, must have been dispelled by the malignity and barbarity of the Northern States in the prosecution of the existing war. At the darkest hour of our struggle the Provisional gives place to the Permanent Government. Box 1892 Houston, Texas 77251-1892 Phone and Fax Numbers Phone: (713) 348-2586 Fax: (713) 348-6172 Email Address E-mail: Jefferson Davis (pictured here on the eve of the Civil War) delivered his second inaugural address in Richmond, Virginia, on February 22, 1862. . Fellow-citizens, after the struggle of ages had consecrated the right of the Englishman to constitutional representative government, our colonial ancestors were forced to vindicate that birthright by an appeal to arms. He spoke, according to John Quincy Adams, in so low a voice that not half of it was heard by any part of the crowded auditory. Augustus Foster also noted that the speech was too low spoken to be heard well. The inflections carefully marked according to Sheridans principles came to nothing. Where Abraham Lincoln would offer logical reasoning, Jefferson would strike out with accusations at the Union. That we are to escape them in future is not to be hoped. Our confederate strength will be too great to tempt aggression; and never was there a people whose interests and principles committed them so fully to a peaceful policy as those of the Confederate States. they saw the latent source from which these outrages proceeded. No inference is here intended that the laws provided by the states against false & defamatory publications, should not be enforced. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. In February of 1861, just two months before the official start of the Civil War, Jefferson Davis delivered his inaugural address to the Confederacy as its new leader. 1805], To Samuel Harrison Smith, [ca. In the drafting process, he struggled with how to best express this, referring first to a Censor on the public functionaries that, writing with freedom, could warn against deviations from the line of duty (. the want of it will certainly not lessen with increasing years. President Lincoln believed that the union must be preserved, or kept whole. 10:498n). Cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, provisions, timber, and naval stores will furnish attractive exchanges. The day, the memory, and the purpose seem fitly associated. The rule of voluntary association, which cannot fail to be conservative, by securing just and impartial government at home, does not diminish the security of the obligations by which the Confederate States may be bound to foreign nations. In 1862, he added emancipation, finding it a military necessity. So spoke Frederick Douglass soon after he heard Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address on March 4, 1865. It was, perhaps, in the ordination of Providence that we were to be taught the value of our liberties by the price which we pay for them. Transcribed from Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, Volume 5, pp. Copyright 2023 Political Rhetoric Archive & Dr. Beth Huber | Powered by Critical Hit Development. Sheridan had turned from acting to a career of public lectures and writing in 1756, becoming a key driver of an elocutionary movement that centered performance at the heart of all public speaking. Never has a people evinced a more determined spirit than that now animating men, women, and children in every part of our country. True to our traditions of peace and our love of justice, we sent commissioners to the United States to propose a fair and amicable settlement of all questions of public debt or property which might be in dispute. The tyranny of an unbridled majority, the most odious and least responsible form of despotism, has denied us both the right and the remedy. When a long course of class legislation, directed not to the general welfare, but to the aggrandizement of the Northern section of the Union, culminated in a warfare on the domestic institutions of the Southern States--when the dogmas of a sectional party, substituted for the provisions of the constitutional compact, threatened to destroy the sovereign rights of the States, six of those States, withdrawing from the Union, confederated together to exercise the right and perform the duty of instituting a Government which would better secure the liberties for the preservation of which that Union was established. Nor would the constancy of these supplies be likely to be disturbed by war. without power to divert, or habits to contend against it, they have been overwhelmed by the current, or driven before it. This great strife has awakened in the people the highest emotions and qualities of the human soul. He even compared the Confederacy's fight to defend its way of life as a revolutionary act, similar to how the colonies rebelled against the control of Great Britain back in the Revolutionary War. 4 Mch. It was, perhaps, in the ordination of Providence that we were to be taught the value of our liberties by the price which we pay for them. After a series of successes and victories, which covered our arms with glory, we have recently met with serious disasters. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892 |, 713-348-0000 | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility | Campus Carry, Volume 10 (October 1863-August 1864) Index, Volume 11 (September 1864-May 1865) Index. It was to be expected when we entered upon this war that it would expose our people to sacrifices and cost them much, both of money and blood. They are diacritical marks to assist Jefferson in the oral delivery of the address. Another piece from his drafting of the second inaugural address is on the same sheet as fragments of text from Jefferson's early drafting of his first and third annual messages to Congress in 1801 and 1803 ( Document II ). While the war had started favorably for the Confederate States, the first several weeks of 1862 found the North was winning all the battles. Jefferson's Inauguration in Montgomery On February 18th, 1861, Davis gave his inaugural address on the steps of the Montgomery, Alabama state capital building. He likely meant the undated Notes, written sometime after he had finished writing the address, to be part of his personal record of the politics of his era. Lincoln hoped that he could prevent the conflict from escalating by taking a peaceful approach on the divisive issue of slavery. endowed with the faculties & the rights of men, breathing an ardent love of liberty and independance, & occupying a country which left them no desire but to be undisturbed, the stream of overflowing population from other regions directed itself on these shores. Summary In his first Inaugural Address as "Chief Executive" of the Confederate States, Davis justifies secession by asserting the rights of sovereign states to govern themselves, particularly with regards to economics and defense, and argues that the United States Constitution no longer functions as a document for all people as it was intended. The first year in our history has been the most eventful in the annals of this continent. succeed. These marks were Jeffersons cues for pauses as he read the address. In the transaction of your foreign affairs, we have endeavored to cultivate the friendship of all nations, & especially of those with which we have the most important relations. Vice president of the Confederate States (1812-1883) On this day in 1861, former U.S. P.O. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862. now reduced within limits too narrow for the hunter-state, humanity enjoins us to teach them agriculture & the domestic arts; to encourage them to that industry which alone can enable them to maintain their place in existence, & to prepare them in time for that state of society, which to bodily comforts adds the improvement of the mind & morals. in time of war, if injustice by ourselves or others must sometimes produce war, increased as the same revenue will be by increased population & consumption, & aided by other resources reserved for that crisis, it may meet within the year all the expences of the year, without encroaching on the rights of future generations by burthening them with the debts of the past. they too have their Anti-Philosophists, who find an interest in keeping things in their present state; who dread reformation, and exert all their faculties to maintain the ascendancy of habit over the duty of improving our reason, & obeying its mandates. By the character of their productions they are too deeply interested in foreign commerce wantonly to disturb it. During this course of administration, and in order to disturb it, the artillery of the Press has been levelled against us, charged with whatsoever its licentiousness could devise or dare. In his address, he did not embrace the North's demands for a reunion of states, which he described as 'neither practicable nor desirable.' Jefferson Davis History & Facts | Who was President of the Confederacy? He did not use that word in, Jefferson acknowledged that public officials need oversight. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. Henry Adamss 1890 history of the Jefferson administration remarked that the address roused neither the bitterness nor the applause which greeted the first, and while Dumas Malones multivolume work devoted most of seven pages to the inauguration, he admitted that Samuel Chases acquittal was far more dramatic and Aaron Burrs exit from the vice presidency was much more moving than the re-entry of the President. Jon Meacham tackled Jeffersons second inauguration in less than a page. While some printers were content to reproduce the address with minimal commentary, a number of local editorialsRepublican and Federalistwrapped the text in either praise or condemnation, usually in line with the papers party affiliation. Fellow-Citizens:On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. Jefferson Davis Second Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis as President of the Permanent Government of the Confederate States of America on February 22, 1862 Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and . The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. Never has a people evinced a more determined spirit than that now animating men, women, and children in every part of our country. preserve, publish, and encourage the use of documentary sources, relating to the history of I am sensible of no passion which could seduce me knowingly from the path of justice. The courts have been open, the judicial functions fully executed, and every right of the peaceful citizen maintained as securely as if a war of invasion had not disturbed the land. Jeffersons use of it signals that in, Jefferson also struggled and held firm to another of the topics first marked for discussion, the licentiousness of the press. Are contending are rife throughout the land less than a page against false & publications. Where Abraham Lincoln would offer logical reasoning, Jefferson Davis * * * Democratic Party Lincoln! No inference is here intended that the laws provided by the character of productions... 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